27.06.2023

CFRP machining optimised

Optimum process reliability with the OptiMill-Composite-Speed-Plus

Improved workpiece clamping for large carbon-fibre parts enables the aerospace industry to machine more quickly. MAPAL supports this development with new tools. With its diamond coating and optimised geometry, the OptiMill-Composite-Speed-Plus guarantees process reliability.

The aerospace industry is reluctant to change functioning processes that have already been audited due to the large effort involved. However, growing cost pressures are also forcing this sector to make its production as efficient as possible. Aircraft manufacturers have so far identified the clamping technology as an obstacle on the path to higher performance. Large carbon-fibre parts are usually fixed using vacuum clamping technology. The limited holding forces of the suction cups require relatively low cutting speeds in order to prevent rising vibration. This can lead to a loss of quality and deviations in shape and position tolerances.

New clamping technologies now enable manufacturers to increase the cutting values. But with this came a new problem: under the changed process conditions, there was an increased risk of breakage due to the increased load on milling cutters that had previously worked perfectly. “Even very large manufacturers were affected by tool breakages after using the tools to their limits”, explains Tim Rohmer, Product Manager for solid carbide milling tools at MAPAL. The tool manufacturer saw a need to act and developed the OptiMill-Composite-Speed-Plus as a response to market demands.

Large core, little chip space

In order to enhance the flexural strength, MAPAL increased the core diameter of its solid carbide shoulder milling cutter. Although this is at the expense of chip space, it does not have any negative effects because CFRP machining does not produce chips, but a fine dust. During tool tests with differently dimensioned diameters, no differences were found in terms of removing dust and process heat. MAPAL noticeably increases the flexural strength with the larger core diameter.
Due to its enlarged core diameter, the OptiMill-Composite-Speed-Plus has a higher breaking strength.  ©MAPAL

The requirements for the groove profile also differ from the machining of metal, where feed, infeed depth and cutting width influence the chip thickness. Since the rake angle for CFRP is only slightly engaged due to a low feed per tooth, MAPAL has designed the cutting wedge for maximum stability.

The new OptiMill-Composite-Speed-Plus also has an optimised envelope contour to reduce leverage forces and thus for increased fracture resistance. It works well in practice, as Rohmer explains: “Typical parts for aviation consist of stacks, i.e. composite panels, with five to 15 mm usually being machined. Shorter tools are perfectly adequate for this.” While the predecessor tools were still longer than specified in DIN6527, the new tool series largely complies with the standard. MAPAL provides the tools with diameters of 4 to 20 mm.

Even diamond layer

The OptiMill-Composite-Speed-Plus also ensures high tool lives for machining abrasive carbon fibres with an innovative diamond coating. The uniform layer thickness distribution and the high repeatability with which MAPAL applies the diamond in the CVD process are exceptional. Conventional coating technologies often produce irregular layers that are thicker at the tip than further down on the cutting edge. This process ensures different edge rounding and thus fluctuating cutting pressure and wear and tear.

The homogeneous layer thickness over the cutting edge length contributes to process reliability. This enables consistent performance regardless of which part of the cutting edge is involved. This means that the tools can also be used for circumferential machining of a stack, regardless of height: users sometimes use the milling cutter until the end of wear and tear, then readjust it and continue working with a fresh part of the cutting edge. The shoulder milling cutter is suitable for a wide range of applications. In addition to circumferential machining, it is also used to produce slots, edges and pockets.

With coated and uncoated variants, the OptiMill-Composite-Speed-Plus shows its advantages not only with CFRP materials but also with thermoplastics, thermosets and glass fibre materials.  ©MAPAL
Perfect cutting quality is very important in the aviation industry. Once the fibres are no longer neatly separated and the part thus no longer achieves the desired quality, the tools are replaced, even if they only appear slightly worn. The OptiMill-Composite-Speed-Plus achieves its excellent cutting quality thanks to its specially arranged “fibre catchers” on the cutting edges, which cause a double compression and thus separate the fibre protrusions on the workpieces extremely precisely. The double compression is additionally created by the spiralisation of the tool.

Pull or push: improvements of up to 30 percent

Zu den Besonderheiten der CFK-Zerspanung gehört, dass die heute verfügbaren Werkzeuge unterschiedliche Bearbeitungsqualitäten an den Werkstücken erzeugen. Der Anwender muss nach vorhandenem Werkstoffverbund entscheiden, welche Qualitätsanforderungen an das Bauteil gestellt sind und demnach die ideale Werkzeugwahl treffen. Oftmals sind es Verbindungsstellen, für die besonders saubere Kanten verlangt werden. MAPAL bietet seine Fräser in zwei verschiedenen Varianten an. Das rechtsspiralisierte Modell erzeugt eine ziehende Wirkung und dadurch axiale Zugkräfte, während die linksspiralisierte Variante schiebend wirkt und somit Druckkräfte in axialer Richtung bildet. Die Fibrecatcher arbeiten der durch die jeweilige Spiralisierung entstehenden Kräftewirkung entgegen.

Das Vorgängermodell verfügte noch über eine dritte, neutrale Variante. Mit der Weiterentwicklung entfällt diese, da die neuen Werkzeuge die Axialkräfte um bis zu 40 Prozent reduzieren. Damit übernehmen die beiden Ausführungen des Neuprodukts auch alle Aufgaben, für die bisher die neutrale Version zum Einsatz kam. In punkto Standzeit, Laufruhe, Produktivität und Schnittqualität sind die neuen Werkzeuge um bis zu 30 Prozent besser als ihre Vorgänger. 

Während sich die Luftfahrt-Branche noch von der Corona-Delle erholt, wächst der Einsatz von CFK in anderen Bereichen rasch an. Neben dem Automobilbau und Rennsport rückt hier der Consumer-Bereich in den Fokus. Hersteller von Sportgeräten wie Fahrrädern, Skiern, Snowboards oder Angeln bedienen sich immer häufiger des modernen Materials.

Mit seinen scharfen Schneiden bietet sich der OptiMill-Composite-Speed-Plus darüber hinaus auch für die Zerspanung von Thermoplasten und Duroplasten an. Da diese Kunststoffe nicht abrasiv sind, wird hier auf eine Beschichtung verzichtet und mit scharfen Schneidkanten gearbeitet. Die unbeschichteten Fräswerkzeuge lösen die bisherigen Routerwerkzeuge ab, denen sie vor allem in der Schnittqualität weit überlegen sind. Auch für die Bearbeitung von Glasfaserwerkstoffen empfiehlt MAPAL die unbeschichteten Werkzeuge.


Kathrin Rehor, PR Project Manager bei MAPAL

Kontakt

Kathrin Rehor Public Relations Kathrin.Rehor@mapal.com Tel.: +49 7361 585 3342


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