Parts that become more and more complex with increasingly deep cavities as well as moulded and reinforcement ribs in plastic injection moulds and pressure die casting moulds necessitate the use of extra long tools with diameters that can be very small. Complex part geometries and various material characteristics place the highest demands on machining and tool life.
For designing, engineering and constructing medium- and large-sized cold forming tools, cast iron is often used due to material properties such as compressive strength and easy machinability. The main components here are mould plates and mould inserts. Here, MAPAL has a lot of experience with milling (2D and 3D) and drilling operations (drilling, reaming, thread cutting).
When it comes to pre-series or prototype moulds, it is not unusual to use materials that are easy to machine. Aluminium alloys or uriol (plastics) are often used. In these cases, solid carbide tools with positive and partly polished cutting edges, or better still, PCD-tipped tools ensure high productivity and short machining times.
Manufacturing of electrodes for EDM processes requires machining of copper alloys and graphite materials. The selection of the electrode material depends on the requirements of the mould to be created. Copper alloys are comparatively expensive and are generally used for finishing the electrodes, when it comes to high surface quality and shape accuracy. Solid carbide end mills with special geometries by MAPAL guarantee high-precision machining results here.
Graphite has a highly abrasive effect on the tool and causes strong wear on the cutting edge. The profiles to be machined tend to burst with increasing wear. Therefore, a tool with suitable geometry and optimum cutting material is required. For machining graphite, MAPAL uses diamond-coated solid carbide tools or PCD-tipped tools.
Application example:
Electrodes for spark eroding (EDM)
From the unmachined to the finished part
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2D surfaces
On the one hand, this category includes machining processes carried out directly on the machine, such as face milling, milling of pockets and straight walls. On the other hand, it also includes operations for complex geometries that are programmed using CAM software.
In the die & mould sector, the manufacture of increasingly complex forms is part of everyday life. Continuous further developments in machine tools and CAM software raise performance and productivity to an ever higher level. The tools used must therefore always be state-of-the-art. To achieve optimum results, each design starts with a process analysis.
Mould inserts also have machining tasks that are required for casting or various attachment parts. Users are increasingly machining open pockets (circumferential machining) using trochoidal milling. This machining method helps to optimise machining times and to extend tool life.
Closed pockets are usually produced by roughing in Z planes. When milling, a ramp is often selected as the machining entry. The tool selected depends on the depth of the walls and the mould incline to be generated on the component. MAPAL’s broad portfolio with modular systems also covers the machining of deep pockets with large diameters.
A major focus in milling operations is on reducing the machining time. With specific tool geometries for machining closed, round pockets, it is often possible to eliminate the pre-drilling process. With helix milling, milling paths are programmed with helical entrances that are suitable for pocket dimensions.
Operations to create even surfaces occur very frequently and in different areas in the die & mould sector: It could be component-related, strategy-related due to the respective milling process or due to requirements for mould closing surfaces as well as sections and cutting dies. The right tool is then selected depending on the application and requirements.
Plastic injection moulds and die casting moulds often have ribs and thin walls. Ribs, for example, are increasingly being milled, as this process is more cost-effective than EDM (spark eroding). As a rule, long or extra-long carbide tools with small diameters are used. Customer-specific solutions (RibCutter) to match the respective rib shape are also possible here.
There is a wide range of full bore operations in the die & mould sector: From large bores for guide pillars and deep bores for the cooling system to high-precision bores for ejector pins. MAPAL offers a comprehensive portfolio of drilling and reaming tools for the individual production steps.
In der aktuellen Ausgabe des Technologie-Magazins IMPULSE geht es neben der Verschmelzung der deutschen Standorte im Schwerpunkt um den Bereich Aerospace.
CORMOL from Portugal manufactures stamping tools, for which it has been working closely with MAPAL since 2022. With the OptiMill-3D-HF, CORMOL has found a reliable and economical tool solution.
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