Lavorazione di superfici 3D
Nella costruzione di stampi e matrici, la produzione di stampi sempre più complessi è parte della vita quotidiana. I continui sviluppi delle macchine utensili e del software CAM portano le prestazioni e la produttività a un livello ancora più elevato. Ne consegue che anche gli utensili utilizzati devono andare di pari passo con il più recente stato dell’arte. Per ottenere risultati ottimali, all’inizio della progettazione si esegue un’analisi del processo.
Panoramica degli utensili per le seguenti fasi di lavorazione:
Usinagem de desbaste de componentes
A operação de desbaste é responsável pela maior parte do volume de usinagem. Estratégias especiais de fresagem, tais como processamento de alto avanço ou fresagem trocoidal, podem reduzir o tempo de usinagem e, assim, aumentar a eficiência econômica. Além das ferramentas com pastilhas amovíveis e fresas de metal duro integral, são utilizadas fresas de alto desempenho com geometria de desbaste especial.
Residual material roughing
After roughing, in a second machining step, users machine the residual material, especially in corners and cavities, removing material as constantly as possible. Usually tools with corner radius or high-feed milling cutters are used. In some cases a ball cutter can be used to remove the residual material in corners.
Pre-finishing
If there are high demands on dimensional accuracy and surface finish, semi-finishing is recommended before finishing. With pre-finishing, machining approaches the final mould profile. The aim is to obtain a residual material that is as constant as possible in order to enable fast finishing with high demands on the surface quality. The stock removal after roughing is approx. 0.5-1 mm for hardened materials and 0.03-0.5 mm for soft materials. After pre-finishing, the constant stock removal is 0.05-0.1 mm for hardened materials or 0.1-0.3 mm for soft materials.
Finishing
The finishing process removes the remaining material in order to achieve the final shape. After pre-finishing, stock removal is 0.05-0.1 mm for hardened materials or 0.1-0.3 mm for soft materials. Ball and/or corner radius milling cutters are the tools of choice, regardless of the final contours of the workpiece.
Residual material finishing
The increasingly complex properties of the shapes to be produced require milling of the residual material after finishing, mainly in the corners. Solid carbide ball cutters are usually used for this.