封闭型腔的加工
封闭型腔通常通过在Z平面上进行粗加工来产生。铣削时，通常选择通过斜坡开始加工。刀具的选择取决于墙壁的深度和要在组件上创建的起模斜度。具有模块化系统的MAPAL公司的广泛产品组合还包括大直径深型腔的加工。
Tool overview for the following machining steps:
粗加工
粗加工操作负责大部分的切削加工量。特殊铣削策略，例如高进给加工或摆线铣削，可以减少加工时间，从而提高经济效率。除了带有可转位刀片的刀具和整体硬质合金铣刀外，还使用了具有特殊粗加工几何形状的高性能铣刀。
Residual material roughing
After roughing, in a second machining step, users machine the residual material, especially in corners and cavities, removing material as constantly as possible. Usually tools with corner radius or high-feed milling cutters are used. In some cases a ball cutter can be used to remove the residual material in corners.
Pre-finishing
If there are high demands on dimensional accuracy and surface finish, semi-finishing is recommended before finishing. With pre-finishing, machining approaches the final mould profile. The aim is to obtain a residual material that is as constant as possible in order to enable fast finishing with high demands on the surface quality. The stock removal after roughing is approx. 0.5-1 mm for hardened materials and 0.03-0.5 mm for soft materials. After pre-finishing, the constant stock removal is 0.05-0.1 mm for hardened materials or 0.1-0.3 mm for soft materials.
Finishing
The finishing process removes the remaining material in order to achieve the final shape. After pre-finishing, stock removal is 0.05-0.1 mm for hardened materials or 0.1-0.3 mm for soft materials. Ball and/or corner radius milling cutters are the tools of choice, regardless of the final contours of the workpiece.
Residual material finishing
The increasingly complex properties of the shapes to be produced require milling of the residual material after finishing, mainly in the corners. Solid carbide ball cutters are usually used for this.
