Machining 3D surfaces
In the die & mould sector, the manufacture of increasingly complex forms is part of everyday life. Continuous further developments in machine tools and CAM software raise performance and productivity to an ever higher level. The tools used must therefore always be state-of-the-art. To achieve optimum results, each design starts with a process analysis.
Tool overview for the following machining steps:
粗加工
粗加工操作负责大部分的切削加工量。特殊铣削策略，例如高进给加工或摆线铣削，可以减少加工时间，从而提高经济效率。除了带有可转位刀片的刀具和整体硬质合金铣刀外，还使用了具有特殊粗加工几何形状的高性能铣刀。
Residual material roughing
After roughing, in a second machining step, users machine the residual material, especially in corners and cavities, removing material as constantly as possible. Usually tools with corner radius or high-feed milling cutters are used. In some cases a ball cutter can be used to remove the residual material in corners.
Pre-finishing
If there are high demands on dimensional accuracy and surface finish, semi-finishing is recommended before finishing. With pre-finishing, machining approaches the final mould profile. The aim is to obtain a residual material that is as constant as possible in order to enable fast finishing with high demands on the surface quality. The stock removal after roughing is approx. 0.5-1 mm for hardened materials and 0.03-0.5 mm for soft materials. After pre-finishing, the constant stock removal is 0.05-0.1 mm for hardened materials or 0.1-0.3 mm for soft materials.
精加工
精加工去除剩余的加工余量以达到最终形状。在半精加工后，淬硬材料的加工余量为 0.05-0.1 mm，软质材料的加工余量为 0.1-0.3 mm。球形和/或圆角铣刀是首选刀具，具体取决于工件的最终轮廓。
剩余材料精加工
要制造的形状的特性愈来愈复杂，需要在精加工后铣削剩余的材料，主要是在圆角处。对此通常使用由整体硬质合金制成的球形铣刀。